Hydraulics on IndustryNet

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Hydraulics is applied science and engineering that deal with the mechanical properties of liquids or fluids. Hydraulics, are used for the generation, control and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids.

Hydraulic fluid is transmitted throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders and becomes pressurized according to the resistance present.The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses and tubes.

The popularity of hydraulic machinery is due to the very large amount of power that can be transferred through small tubes and flexible hoses, and the high power density and wide array of actuators that can make use of this power.

Hydraulic systems can be found today in a wide variety of applications such as:

• Small assembly processes

• Integrated steel and paper mills

• Construction vehicles

• Civil engineering

• Steel making and primary metal extraction industry

• Machine and tool manufacturing industry

• Plastic processing machinery

• Others: furnace equipment, rubber machinery, general mechanical industry

The use of fluid under pressure to transmit power and to control intricate motions is relatively modern and the most development of hydraulics, has occurred in the past two or three decades.

The hydraulic press application is commonly used for:

• Forging

• Clinching

• Molding

• Blanking

• Punching

• Deep drawing

• Metal forming operations


There is no other medium that combines the same degree of positiveness, accuracy and flexibility while maintaining the ability to transmit a maximum of power to a minimum of bulk and weight, than a hydraulic system.

The elements of a hydraulic system are:

• Pumps

• Actuators - liner (cylinders) and rotary (motors)

• Control elements- valves, pressure, flow and direction

• Accessories – reservoirs, coolers, filters, storage units, tanks and accumulators.

A hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic motor is a mechanical actuator that is used to give a unidirectional force through a unidirectional stroke and is made up of the following major parts:

• Cylinder barrel –its main function is to hold cylinder pressure. It is mostly made from a seamless tube

• Cylinder base or cap - is used to enclose the pressure chamber at one end. The cap is connected to the body by means of welding, threading, bolts or rods

• Cylinder head – the main function of the head is to enclose the pressure chamber from the other end. The head is connected to the body by means of threading, bolts or rods

• Piston –the main function of the piston is to separate the pressure zones inside the barrel

• Piston rod – connects the hydraulic actuator to the machine component doing the work.

• Seals – are designed as per the cylinder working pressure cylinder speed operating temperature working medium and application.

There are basically two styles of hydraulic cylinder construction used in the industry:

Tie rod cylinders – which use high strength threaded steel rods to hold the two end caps to the cylinder barrel.

Welded body cylinder –have no tie rod. The barrel is welded directly to the end caps and the ports are welded to the barrel. The front rod gland is usually threaded into or bolted to the cylinder barrel.

Good impact toughness in both longitudinal and transverse directions are the characteristics that make steel the best manufacturing material for hydraulic cylinders.

The steel industry itself relies on hydraulics for production plants. Metallurgy and rolling mill technology would be unthinkable without hydraulics. Roller train, coiler and casting iron plant processes all rely on the use of hydraulics also.

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