Recycling on IndustryNet

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The most recycled material on the planet is steel. Steel is recycled more than all other materials combined together.

It has retained a very high overall recycling rate of about 88 percent in 2012.

Metallurgical properties are the amazing ingredients of steel that allow it to be recycled continually and with no degradation in performance from one product to another.

There are no shortages of sources for steel scrap, as they are plentiful.

Steel scraps are categorized into the following:

Home Scrap –which is produced from within the mill itself and become available within weeks

Prompt Scrap – this is scrap that is produced from manufacturing products from steel and is available within months

Obsolute Scrap – is produced from steel products at the end of their lives and it could be decades before this scrap available

While two out of every three tons of new steel are produced from old steel, it is still necessary to continue to use some quantities of virgin materials.

Steel products remain in service as durable goods for decades at a time and demand for steel around the world continues to grow with time.

Recycling Process for Steel:

Scrap material is loaded into a charge bucket” and taken into the metal shop where it goes through a two steep process

First Melting Step – scrap metal is loaded into an electric arc furnace (EAF), which uses electrical power to heat the scrap at a temperature of over 3000 degrees Fahrenheit, which melts the steel into liquid form. In the process, slag forms and floats to the top of the molten steel with oxidized impurities and discarded.

The molten steel is then transferred to a Ladle Refining Furnace, which is the second step in the melting process. The steel is tested and fine adjustments are made to the composition and temperature to ensure the right characteristics for the desired grade of steel is produced.

The refined molten steel is then transferred to a five strand continuous caster. The steel is then poured into molds, cooled and shaped into the desired cross section, essentially forming a long bar called a billet.

As the billets move through the continuous caster, they are cut by torches into desired lengths

Factors That Determine The Extent To Which Steel Is Recycled:

• Specification of the final product

• Ability of the recycled product to perform as a substitute

• Cost For: collection and smelting (including energy, labor, capital costs) and

• Technical limitations

Steel recycling is a good business. The Auto scrap recycling business has over $3.7 billion in sales annually.

Beyond the steel scrap itself, the steel industry has long recycled its by-products, mill scale, steelmaking stage, water and processing liquids. Steelmaking dusts and sludges, are processed so that other metals such as zinc, can be recovered and reused.

Steel is the engine that drives the recycling of many consumer goods as can be seen by the 92.5 percent recycling rate of automobiles, 90 percent recycling rate of appliances and 72% steel packaging. All new steel products contain at least some recycled steel. Recycling steel takes 25% less energy and creates only 25% of water and air pollution that is required to produce steel from raw materials.

Recycling is the process of making new products from a product that has already served its purpose. How it works? Recyclable products go into a large truck and transports to the place where the main process of recycling begins – all products must be sorted, compressed, baled, stored, and then shipped out to be made into new products.

The process include:

• Collection and Processing - There are different ways for collecting recyclables. The most common are deposited or refund programs, curbside collection and drop-off centers. After collection, recyclables are sent to a recovery facility to a process that will turn them into materials that can be used in manufacturing. Recyclables are boug

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